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14 August 2012
Arboricultural Consultant
P.G. Biddle
Dr P.G. Biddle, O.B.E., M.A., D.Phil., F.Arbor.A.
Registered Consultant of the Arboricultural Association
Honorary Fellow, Insitute of Chartered Foresters
Table of Contents (2)
Chapter 13. Site Investigations II) The Soil
Introduction
Geological Survey maps
Boreholes
Assessment of soil conditions
Inspection for fine root activity
Particle size analysis
Classification of soil shrinkage
Moisture content determination
Soil suction
Field determination of shear strength
Assessment of desiccation
Limitations in assessment of desiccation:
i) by comparison of profiles
ii) from soil classification tests
Summary
Additional reading
Sources of equipment
Chapter 14. Site Investigations III) The Tree
Objectives
Introduction
Botanical nomenclature
Identification
Relevance of root identification
Methods for root identification
Age and condition of roots
Measurement of size of tree
Determination of age and growth rate
Interpretation of patterns of radial growth
Water requirements derived from increment
cores
Other indications of growth rate
Safety and condition of the tree
Summary
Additional reading
Chapter 15. Monitoring Building Movement
Introduction
When to monitor
When to start monitoring
Methods of level monitoring
Equipment for level monitoring
Location of monitoring stations
The use of a datum
Timing and frequency of readings
Calculation and presentation of results
Significance of extent of changes in level
Crack monitoring
Monitoring of soil moisture content
Summary
Additional reading
Chapter 16. Heave and Recovery - Diagnosis and
Prediction
Introduction
A persistent moisture deficit - the essential
pre-requisite for heave
Factors influencing amount, rate and duration of
heave or recovery
The initiation of heave
The diagnosis of heave
Diagnosis of recovery movements
Relevance of determining age of tree and age of
building
Prediction of risk and duration of heave or
recovery if trees are felled
Simple guidelines for heave prediction
Quantitative prediction of heave or recovery
Measurement of swelling potential
Remedies for heave damage
Summary
Chapter 17. Remedial Action After Damage
Tolerating the damage
Restabilising the soil and foundations by
controlling the water uptake of the tree
Tree felling to stop water uptake
Tree felling in stages
Tree pruning to control water uptake
Control of size by plant growth regulators
Watering tree to reduce damage
Root barriers to control root spread
Root severance
Accelerated recovery by watering-in
Allowing natural recovery
Checking the efficacy of remedial action
Stabilising the foundations by underpinning
The choice of action
Superstructure repair
Summary
Additional reading
Chapter 18. Prediction and Prevention of Damage
Introduction
The prediction of damage
Prevention of damage
i) a) for new buildings near existing trees
b) for new buildings without existing trees
ii) for existing buildings with existing trees
A method of risk prediction
Efficacy of Subsidence Risk Factor (SRF)for
predicting damage
Implications of subsidence risk assessment
Preventative pruning in identifiable high risk
situations
iii) if tree planting near existing buildings
Implications of future changes in risks of damage
Summary
Chapter 19. The Legal Framework
Statutory controls on tree work
Introduction
The objective of TPO's
Objecting to a TPO
Determining whether a tree is covered by a TPO
Exemptions to a TPO
Application for consent for tree work
Appeals against decision of LPA
Compensation in respect of TPO's
Obligation to replant
Trees in Conservation Areas
Planning Conditions
Legal liability for damage
Extent and cause of damage
Legal limitation and the time of events
Foreseeability and the scope of duty
Liability for underpinning against heave
Summary
Chapter 20. A Revised Role for the Professions
Introduction
A role for insurers
A role for loss adjusters
A role for structural engineers
A role for arboriculturists
A role for surveyors and valuers
A role for soil scientists
A role for planners
A role for building control
A role for architects and for builders
Summary
Return to Table of Contents (1)
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